Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Pins and needles in hands or feet
- Sore red tongue
- Low mood or brain fog
- Balance problems if severe
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Low B12 causes fatigue, pins and needles and low mood — common in older adults, vegans and people with absorption problems. Needs blood tests to diagnose.
Researched & fact-checked by Kaiser Khan
Why it happens
Pernicious anaemia (autoimmune), vegan diet without supplementation, metformin use, or stomach surgery affecting absorption.
Treatment
B12 replacement therapy or high-dose tablets after confirmed deficiency — usually via GP. Online blood tests can screen levels.
Self-care that helps
Vegans should use fortified foods or supplements; do not take high-dose B12 without testing if symptoms persist.
When to get help
Worsening numbness, weakness or confusion — GP review urgently.
Available without prescription